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Finance

Finance

The 2019 bond market was marked by record levels of bond issuance, exceeding the 2018 volume issued in Spain by 29 percent. Also noteworthy, the green, social, and sustainability bond issuance activity saw impressive positive performance, with a volume of close to €230 billion worldwide. BBVA stood out as the most active player with a green bond issuance volume of above €3.3 billion.

ROE stands for “Return on Equity” and is the most used measurement of a company's profitability. It is calculated by dividing the company’s net income by shareholder equity (or the company’s assets minus its debt).

The net interest income is the difference in euro between financial income and financial costs; that is, the difference between an asset's profitability (the credit lines and loans that the institution has on its balance sheet, mainly) and the interest that the bank pays for the resources it needs to finance that asset (such as customer deposits and wholesale financing).